The influence of sodium caseinate on the physical properties of spray‐dried honey

The aim of this work was to spray dry honey (rape and buckwheat varieties) with Arabic gum (AG) as a carrier alone or in combination with sodium caseinate (1% and 2% w/w NaCas) as a drying aid. Powder recovery ranged from 66.2 ± 0.7% to 75.8 ± 4.9%, and the values were significantly higher for samples containing NaCas. Powders were characterised by good flowability, the addition of NaCas had positive impact on this factor. However, the hygroscopicity of protein‐containing powders was higher, especially at 2% w/w of NaCas. Powders hygroscopicity was related to particle size: AG powder of the smallest particle size was the most hygroscopic, while the particle size did not affected flowability, which was strongly related to the feed solution composition. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the addition of 1% w/w of NaCas as a drying aid during buckwheat and rape honey spray drying with Arabic gum as a carrier is favourable, while the further increase of protein content does not give additional benefits.     

水提法提取—电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的碘

用水提取婴幼儿奶粉中的碘,亚铁氰化钾和乙酸锌盐析法沉淀蛋白,过滤后可以得到澄清处理液。用电感耦合等离子体质谱对提取样液进行测定,130Te作为内标物进行定量分析。该方法简便快捷,检出限为0.10 mg/kg加标回收率为90.8%~109%,相关系数0.999,精密度试验RSD2%。     

超细粉体抑爆装置瞬态喷射特征参数

在敞开空间开展了容积为2 L及5 L的超细粉体抑爆装置瞬态喷射参数研究，重点介绍了5种典型装配条件下的喷射性能，并对相关特征参数进行定量分析。结果表明：抑爆剂喷射所形成的超细粉体云幕特性由气体发生器装配结构和膜片开启压力共同决定，但两者之间必须恰当配置，作用在膜片上的能量份额较大时，膜片开启状态恶化，抑爆器腔体聚压不足，抑爆剂二次喷射严重，反之膜片不能正常开启。装配优化后的I型抑爆器在触发后10 ms内腔体聚压达到峰值，膜片破裂后5 ms内抑爆剂全部喷射，喷射动态性能较好，在第1个100 ms内扩散速度达到15 m/s，在第2个100 ms内扩散速度约13 m/s，0~1 000 ms内平均扩散速度约8 m/s，扩散过程较为连续，不存在二次喷射现象，喷射距离可达到7.5 m，抑爆剂质量分布呈渐进增长，产生的超细粉体云幕特征参数优良。Ⅱ型抑爆器两种装配的喷射表明：当抑爆装置中压力上升历程及压力峰值较为接近时，抑爆剂粉体喷射特性无显著差异。上述结论的可重复性得到了数百次喷射实验的验证。     

超细粉在内循环流化床中的流态化特性

在内径120 mm的半圆柱形内循环流化床中,以平均粒径387 nm的Ti O2为原料,考察了单独通入流化气、射流气和同时通入流化气和射流气三种流化方式下超细粉的流化特性以及射流气速对超细粉聚团尺寸的影响。结果表明:同时通入流化气和射流气时,流化气能促进粉体循环,消除环隙死区;高速射流能有效破碎聚团,显著减小聚团尺寸,从而使超细粉在环隙区与导流管之间形成稳定循环,小聚团在环隙区实现平稳流态化。随着射流气速的增大,聚团尺寸减小,粒度分布变窄,在射流气速分别为60,90,120,150 m/s的条件下,聚团平均直径分别为194,158,147,135μm。     

衍生化-富集-表面增强拉曼光谱法快速筛查奶粉中亚硝酸盐

目的 建立衍生化-富集-表面增强拉曼光谱法快速检测奶粉中亚硝酸盐的分析方法。方法 样品水溶液通过除蛋白、衍生化后，采用阳离子小柱PSY-001对衍生化合物进行富集，再使用表面增强拉曼光谱对样品中的亚硝酸盐含量进行定性检测。结果 7类不同奶粉，采用本研究所建立的方法进行检测，根据不同的批处理量，单个样品检测全过程只需3~15 min，定性检测限为0.4 mg/kg，远低于国家安全标准对亚硝酸盐的限量要求(2 mg/kg)。方法的灵敏度在96%～100%，特异性为100%，假阴性率为0%～4%，假阳性率为0%，相对准确度为98%～100%。结论 该方法操作简单、快速，易于掌握，适用于奶粉中亚硝酸盐的快速筛查。     

Impact of the SiC addition on the morphological,structural and mechanical properties of Cu-SiC composite powders prepared by high energy milling

The effect of the SiC content on the microstructural, mechanical, and magnetic properties of Cu(1 − x)SiC(x) composite powders (x = 0, 2, 10 and 15 wt%) prepared by high energy milling for 30 h was investigated. The results showed that Cu particles were severely deformed and formed plate like particles of different sizes, while SiC particles were fragmented and embedded in the Cu phase, thus, forming composite particles. As the SiC content increased, the average particle size decreased from 40.75 to 12.84 µm. Besides, XRD data showed a decrease in the crystallite sizes of the Cu phase (from 23.66 to 21.56 nm), accompanied by an increase in the lattice micro-strain (from 0.41 to 0.46%). Changes in the lattice parameters of the Cu phase were observed. The Vickers microhardness were measured in compacted powder samples and reached a maximum value of 135.22 HV for the sample with 15 wt% SiC. The samples showed hysteresis magnetic behavior at 300 K, and with a maximum saturation magnetization of 0.123 emu/g. The weak magnetic signal is mainly due to Co impurities present in the WC from the milling media.     

Mild hydrogen production from the hydrolysis of Al–Bi–Zn composite powder

The development of mild hydrogen-generating materials is of great significance to improve the working life of hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells. In this study, Al–Bi–Zn composite powders were designed by phase diagram calculation and then prepared via the gas atomization method. The results indicated that the conversion yield of Al–12Bi–7Zn (wt.%) powder reached 98% with stable hydrogen production within 280 min at 50 °C. When composite powder reacted with NaCl solution to produce hydrogen, the dormant period of the reaction process was significantly shortened, but the conversion rate was slightly reduced. Additionally, the evolution of powder morphology during the reaction was investigated. The results showed that the continuous cracking of the powder led to the continuous exposure of fresh Al to react.     

Colored amorphous silica-based powder with TiN nanocrystals precipitated by ammonolysis of Ti–Si–O ternary glass

Coloration of amorphous silica powder containing titania was investigated by nitridation in an ammonia flow. The oxide precursors were obtained by the hydrolysis of a mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and tetrabutoxy titanium (TBT). The color changed with the amount of TBT in the mixture, the hydrolysis pH and the ammonolysis temperature. The original white color of the 8 mol% TBT powder hydrolyzed under basic pH conditions changed to pale goldenrod at 700°C, then to dark olive green at 800°C, and further darkened with increasing ammonolysis temperature. A steel-blue color appeared at 900°C for the powder obtained with 3 mol% TBT, and increased in darkness at 1000°C. A similar bluish color was observed for powders obtained by acidic hydrolysis after ammonolysis above 900°C, and this was independent of the amount of titania, although the chroma decreased with increasing firing temperature for the powder with 3 mol% TBT. The ammonolysis powder products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy-electron energy-loss spectroscopy (TEM-EELS), scanning transmission electron microscopy-high-angle annular dark-field imaging (STEM-HAADF) and Ti–K edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The color change was related to both precipitated TiN nanocrystals and residual titanium in the amorphous silica matrix. The TiN exhibited a goldish reflection and also plasmonic absorption from light blue to gray depending on the TiN crystallite size. The plasmonic absorption and resonance of nanocrystalline TiN will be useful similarly to that of gold in nanotechnology for various kinds of energy application.     

Influence of additive materials on the roughness of AISI D2 steel in electrical discharge machining (EDM) environment

The quality of the machined surface resulted from the electrical discharge machining (EDM) environment is not efficient according to the previous studies. One of the significant problems is the impedance of dielectric fluid, where it is contributing to focusing the plasma channel in a limited area. Hence, this behavior leads to appearing deep craters on the machined zone. The researchers have attempted to enhance the average of surface roughness by employing powder particles or surfactant as the additive materials in the dielectric fluid. Unfortunately, these studies did not present a comparison between these additive materials in this environment. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the performance of the average of surface roughness (R_a) for AISI D2 steel by utilizing Nano chromium powder (NCP) and Span-20. The present work has proved that the behavior of the average of surface roughness for this steel is dropping at the maximum level of Nano chromium powder concentration and pulse duration as compared to the behavior with the Span-20. Moreover, the best roughness was produced by this steel with Nano chromium powder at 2 g/L and 20 μs for this powder and the pulse duration.